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Which condition is critical for shotcrete application?

  1. Dry surfaces

  2. Cold weather

  3. High humidity

  4. Windy conditions

The correct answer is: Dry surfaces

For the application of shotcrete, having dry surfaces is critical because moisture on the substrate can lead to several issues that affect the adhesion and curing process of the shotcrete. When shotcrete is applied to a dry surface, it bonds more effectively, minimizing the risk of delamination or poor adhesion that could compromise the structure's integrity. When surfaces are wet, excess moisture can also affect the chemical reactions involved in the curing of the shotcrete, potentially leading to inconsistent strength or durability. Therefore, ensuring that the surfaces are dry before application is a key factor for achieving the best results with shotcrete. Cold weather, high humidity, and windy conditions can introduce challenges during application, such as delaying curing or affecting the consistency of the mix, but they are not as critical as ensuring that the surface is dry for effective bonding and durability of the shotcrete layer.